{"id":2726,"date":"2026-01-29T01:11:10","date_gmt":"2026-01-28T17:11:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sridrone.com\/when-purchasing-firefighting-drones-how-can-i-verify-if-the-supplier-holds-patents-for-core-technologies\/"},"modified":"2026-01-29T01:11:10","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T17:11:10","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sridrone.com\/ar\/when-purchasing-firefighting-drones-how-can-i-verify-if-the-supplier-holds-patents-for-core-technologies\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n \"\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\n<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627)<\/a> 1<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0648 USPTO \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 USPTO<\/a> 2<\/a><\/sup> using the supplier’s legal name and specific technology keywords. Cross-reference the “Current Assignee” field with the supplier’s corporate identity and check that the patent status is “Active” or “Granted” rather than just “Pending” or expired.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> 3<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

How can I independently verify the authenticity of a Chinese supplier's patent certificates?<\/h2>\n

We often guide clients through verification because seeing a PDF certificate isn’t enough; you must confirm the data matches official records to avoid scams.<\/p>\n

You can independently verify Chinese patent certificates by using the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) database or global tools like Espacenet and Google Patents. Input the patent number from the certificate and confirm that the owner listed matches the supplier’s legal company name exactly.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647. Adobe Photoshop \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0634\u0648\u0628<\/a> 4<\/a><\/sup>, and unscrupulous traders can easily modify a certificate to change the owner's name. To protect your investment, you must conduct a digital audit using trusted third-party databases.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644<\/a> 5<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646). CNIPA (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646)<\/a> 6<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c CN10413763B).<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644<\/strong>: \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/li>\n
  3. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\"<\/strong>: This is the most critical step. The "Assignee" is the current legal owner. If the supplier's company name is "Xi'an SkyRover Tech," but the assignee listed is "Jason Moore" or a completely different factory, this is a red flag. It means the supplier does not own the technology; they are likely just a middleman or infringing on someone else's work.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n

    \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/a> 7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635. \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \"\u0646\u0634\u0637\" \u0623\u0648 \"\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\". \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \"\u0637\u0644\u0628\" \u0623\u0648 \"\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\" \u0623\u0648 \"\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\"\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \"\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629\" \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/h3>\n

    \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0640<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/td>\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a (EPO)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 90 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CNIPA (\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    By using these tools, you bypass the supplier's sales pitch and look directly at the legal reality. If the digital record does not match the paper certificate, do not proceed with the payment.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

    \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (CBP) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/a> 8<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/a> 9<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a<\/h3>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (ITC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 337. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \"\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\".\"<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (CBP) \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644. \u0633\u062a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0643. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

    \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646<\/p>\n